It is thought that a combination of environmental variables and genetic vulnerability causes rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Presenting patients frequently have several of these characteristics, all of which are likely to have an impact on the illness’s progression.
The illness was first found to be more common in patients who had a family history of rheumatoid arthritis, indicating a possible genetic component.
Since more sophisticated technology became available, a number of genes linked to a higher chance of getting rheumatoid arthritis have been discovered. As a matter of fact, it is thought that multiple genetic markers frequently have a role in each instance of the illness.
The most common genetic risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis development is the HLA-DRB1 gene. Numerous gene variations exist, and a number of them are associated with a higher risk of the illness. Furthermore, although it is unknown how this happens, the protein tyrosine phosphatase 22 (PTPN22) gene is also associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis.
It is thought that there are a large number of additional genetic markers that have not yet been discovered and that, with more investigation, may provide a more thorough understanding of the illness and allow for the development of more focused preventative and treatment plans.
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Hormonal Factors
Since rheumatoid arthritis tends to go into remission during pregnancy and affects women more frequently than men, it is possible that hormonal variables influence how the condition manifests and is managed. Prolactin, a hormone that increases inflammation and is important for milk production, is one hormone that may contribute to rheumatoid arthritis.
Furthermore, young women who have used the oral contraceptive pill have a rheumatoid arthritis incidence that is around half that of those who have never used the pill.
Health Conditions
Long thought to be caused by an infection, rheumatoid arthritis is now thought to be caused by a combination of infections and agents, despite much fruitless research to the contrary. Nonetheless, a large number of presenting individuals have had an infection lately, and it is thought that the immune system’s reaction to many infections may cause symptoms of arthritis.
Rarely, rheumatoid arthritis can be brought on by vaccination; this is believed to be the result of the vaccination’s controlled infection.
Because the pathologies of rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune diseases are similar, individuals with pre-existing autoimmune diseases are also more susceptible to develop rheumatoid arthritis.
Smoking
In addition to being a significant risk factor for the onset of rheumatoid arthritis, a smoking history can also impact the disease’s course or advancement.
Smoking might be challenging for many smokers who have rheumatoid arthritis to quit because smoking helps lessen symptoms like joint pain and tenderness. Smokers, however, run the danger of developing extra-articular illness, which can also damage blood vessels, nodules, or the lungs.
Diet
Additionally, there is some evidence that the chance of contracting the condition can be influenced by specific foods or diets. Rheumatoid arthritis, for instance, is more common in those whose diets contain a high percentage of red meat and low amounts of vitamins C and A.